Ergonomics in Canada
Ergonomics is a discipline aimed at adapting work environments, tools, and processes to human capabilities. It plays a crucial role in workers’ well-being and business efficiency.
In Canada, a country with geographical and economic diversity, the integration of ergonomics has helped address various challenges: preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), improving productivity, and promoting inclusive work environments.
The emergence of ergonomics in Canada
Ergonomics developed in Canada after World War II, alongside other industrialized countries such as the United States (see our article on “Ergonomics in the USA”).
However, several factors influenced the emergence of ergonomics in Canada:
> Industry and economy : Canada is an industrialized country where sectors such as construction, mining, and manufacturing have greatly benefited from ergonomic applications.
> Health and safety : The focus on preventing workplace injuries accelerated the integration of ergonomics in work environments.
> Climatic diversity : Canada’s sometimes extreme weather conditions have led to ergonomics adapted to specific environments, such as outdoor work or cold regions.
Regulatory Framework
In Canada, workplace health and safety legislation is shared between the provinces and the federal government.
> Canada Labour Code (for federally regulated industries): It sets ergonomic requirements to prevent work-related injuries.
> Provincial occupational health and safety laws : Each province has its own regulations. For example, in Ontario, the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) includes specific guidelines on workplace hazards.
Similar to France, the Canada Labour Code mandates that employers ensure the health and safety of their employees. This means they must provide workers with the necessary information, training, and supervision to perform their jobs safely.
Employers must also ensure that workplace health and safety committees and their representatives understand their responsibilities, including :
- Holding regular meetings (applicable to committees only);
- Conducting monthly inspections;
- Participating in accident investigations and workplace hazard assessments.
The technologies used
In Canada, various technologies are used to prevent the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and raise employee awareness. Here are the main innovations and tools :
> Risk assessment software and applications :
– ErgoSuite and similar tools : These software solutions help analyze ergonomic risks in the workplace by collecting data on posture, repetitive movements, and load handling.
– E2 by Entrac : Used for risk assessment in manufacturing and industrial environments.
> Online training and awareness platforms
– Interactive online courses : Provide modules on MSD prevention, including videos, quizzes, and hands-on exercises.
– AI-Based Simulations: Programs that personalize training based on job roles and specific workplace risks.
> Biomechanical sensors and monitoring tools
– Wearable sensors : These devices monitor employees’ movements and postures in real-time to detect risky positions.
– Smart gloves : Analyze applied forces during object handling, helping to prevent excessive strain.
Where do we stand today ?
According to a study conducted by the Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST) in Canada, the number of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is on the rise. In 2023, the total number of MSD-related injuries reached 26,624, representing a 4.2% increase compared to 2020.
> Sectors with the highest number of MSD-related injuries in 2023
> The types of injuries with the highest number of MSDs, 2023
In 2025, Canada is facing new challenges related to technological advancements, remote work, and the impacts of an aging workforce.
Current trends indicate that ergonomics is undergoing a transformation. The integration of smart technologies, the design of adaptive workstations, and the emergence of digital tools offer innovative solutions for both employers and employees. However, these advancements also raise concerns about access inequality and the sustainability of ergonomic intervention practices.
In this context, ergonomics in Canada remains a strategic lever to promote health, reduce costs associated with work-related injuries, and adapt to a constantly evolving work environment.
Conclusion
Ergonomics in Canada continues to evolve with a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing health, safety, productivity, and quality of life at work.
In contrast, in France, the approach is more normative, with strong institutional and collective support. National programs and legal obligations promote a structured approach to prevention. In Canada, the approach is more flexible and decentralized, with a key role for employers and ergonomists in implementing tailored solutions. The focus is on technology and individual awareness.
These differences reflect the socio-economic and cultural contexts of both countries, but in both cases, the goal remains the same: to protect workers’ health and improve their working conditions.
Sources :
> INSPQ – https://www.inspq.qc.ca/troubles-musculo-squelettiques-lies-au-travail
> Canada Labour Code : https://www.canada.ca/fr/emploi-developpement-social/services/sante-securite/securite-travail.html
> Canadian Government website : https://www.canada.ca/fr/gouvernement/fonctionpublique/mieux-etre-inclusion-diversite-fonction-publique/sante-mieux-etre-fonctionnaires/gestion-incapacite/fondements-ergonomie.html
> CNESST – https://www.cnesst.gouv.qc.ca/sites/default/files/documents/statistiques-lesions-tms_2020-23.pdf