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Focus on a MSD #5 – Neck pain

After studying several upper-body conditions, one was still missing… neck pain! In this new focus on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), discover this common condition: its causes, how symptoms develop, possible treatments… and above all, how to prevent it.

Neck pain : definition 

Neck pain refers to pain in the posterior region of the neck (the back of the neck). It can originate from different structures that make up the neck:

  • muscles, often tense (e.g., stiff neck / torticollis),

  • tendons and ligaments,

  • nerves or intervertebral discs.

Generally, the pain remains localized, but it can sometimes radiate to the shoulders or upper back. If it spreads to the shoulder or arm, it is referred to as cervicobrachial neuralgia, which indicates irritation of a cervical nerve.

Neck pain in figures 

Neck pain is a condition often described as common:

→ In 2020, around 203 million people of all ages worldwide suffered from neck pain. (JIM)

→ In France, about two-thirds of the population will experience an episode of neck pain during their lifetime, and one in five people has had an episode lasting more than 30 days within the past year. (Ameli)

→ The prevalence of neck pain is higher in women. (JIM)

→ Estimates predict that the prevalence of neck pain will increase by +32.5% between 2020 and 2050. (JIM)

Neck pain: Symptoms

The manifestations of neck pain can vary in intensity and duration. Generally, the pain limits head movements and may radiate to the shoulders. Several symptoms may be associated:

  • Headaches

  • Dizziness

  • Muscle tightness: tension, restricted movement, and a feeling of stiffness

  • Fatigue and reduced alertness

In certain situations, particularly after trauma, other symptoms may appear, such as visual or auditory disturbances, as well as difficulties with concentration or memory.

Specific Cases:

  • Cervicobrachial neuralgia: pain radiating from the neck to the shoulder and arm.

 

  • Arnold’s neuralgia: usually affects only one side, often triggered by certain head movements (extension/rotation).

Neck pain: Causes

Neck pain is often multifactorial. Three types of neck pain can be distinguished:

Non-traumatic neck pain


These are the most common and are often referred to as “common” neck pain, including conditions like stiff neck (torticollis). The contributing factors are varied: sports or work activities, poor posture, stress and anxiety, and osteoarthritis.

Torticollis corresponds to a contraction of one or more neck muscles (e.g., sternocleidomastoid or trapezius). It causes significant movement limitation, sharp pain, and an abnormal head and neck posture in flexion and rotation.

Note: neck pain and torticollis should not be confused.

Traumatic neck pain


Occurs after a shock or accident. The most common case is whiplash, where the neck is first rapidly flexed and then extended, causing a sudden stretch.

This type of neck pain can last several weeks, depending on the severity of the trauma.

Symptomatic neck pain


Less common, this type of neck pain is caused by an underlying condition such as inflammatory disease, infection, or tumor.

Occupational Causes of Neck Pain

Certain professions carry a higher risk of neck pain due to repetitive or prolonged strain on the neck. Key contributing factors include:

→ Prolonged static postures: sitting for long periods, leaning forward, or keeping the head tilted.

→ Extended screen work

→ Repetitive movements: frequent head or shoulder motions

→ Operating machinery with rearward control

→ Lifting heavy loads: handling or transporting weight, especially when the neck supports the load

→ Stress and high work pace: muscle tension may develop in response to occupational stress

Professions particularly at risk :

  • Office jobs (tertiary sector): Whether on-site or remote, sedentary work, forward head posture, and rounded shoulders, especially with poorly adjusted workstations (chair, screen, keyboard), increase muscle tension and compress cervical structures.

  • Construction and industry: Jobs involving heavy lifting, repetitive movements, or awkward postures place significant strain on the neck and shoulders.

  • Other high-risk professions: Drivers (truck, taxi, bus), surgeons, or any work requiring the head to remain still or tilted for extended periods.

Neck Pain: Diagnosis & Treatment

What to do in case of neck pain?

Depending on the intensity and duration of symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor for a clinical examination. Diagnosis is based on several elements:

→  Clinical examination: observation of posture, mobility tests, palpation of neck muscles and joints

→  Medical and occupational history: duration, intensity, and context of the pain

→  Additional tests: X-ray, MRI, or CT scan may be prescribed if a structural problem is suspected or if pain persists

Note: Neck pain is considered acute if it lasts less than 6 months and chronic if it persists beyond that period.

Treatment Options :

Medication: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain; muscle relaxants for muscle spasms.

Orthopedic treatment: Cervical collar (neck brace), used only in certain acute cases and for a limited duration.

Rehabilitation and physiotherapy:

    • Exercises: Mobility and strengthening exercises for the neck and back

    • Manual therapies: Massage, stretching, and targeted physiotherapy sessions

Preventing Neck Pain: Habits that can help

To reduce the onset or recurrence of neck pain, adopting good daily habits is essential:

Monitor posture: avoid forward head tilt and rounded shoulders.

Regular physical activity

Use appropriate bedding: a pillow that is neither too firm nor too soft, suited to your body shape; if possible, avoid sleeping on your stomach.

Relax the neck: gentle stretches, self-massage, and relaxation exercises.

In specific situations:

Working at a screen: adjust your workstation—screen height, chair position, keyboard, and mouse placement—to reduce neck strain.

In the car: adjust the headrest and seat distance to minimize neck fatigue and tension, and always wear your seatbelt.

At Moovency, we help companies prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through KIMEA and the expertise of our ergonomists. With our assessment tools, you can easily identify the most strained joints and implement targeted prevention measures. This helps minimize the risk of neck pain in the workplace and maintain the well-being of your employees.

Sources : 

Améli – Dossier Cervicalgie (douleur du cou) https://www.ameli.fr/assure/sante/themes/cervicalgie 

Arthrose Cervicale – Les métiers qui sollicitent excessivement la nuque https://www.arthrose-cervicale.fr/arthrose-cervicale-les-metiers-qui-sollicitent-excessivement-la-nuque/ 

Journal international de Médecine (JIM)  – Cervicalgies en hausse : un enjeu mondial d’ici 2050 https://www.jim.fr/viewarticle/cervicalgies-hausse-enjeu-mondial-dici-2050-2025a10002lj

Would you like to find out more about the various musculoskeletal disorders? Check out our related articles!

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